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MLA Citation Format http://www.libraries.psu.edu/psul/lls/students/mla_citation.html
APA Citation Format:
https://www.libraries.psu.edu/psul/lls/students/apa_citation.html
Books
Important Elements:
- Author (last name, first name)
- Title (in italics)
- Edition (if other than 1st)
- Place of publication
- Publisher
- Publication date
- Medium of publication (Print)
Note: Citations with more than one line of text should be double-spaced and have a hanging indent of 1/2 inch or 5 spaces.
Source | Example Citation |
---|---|
Book by a single author |
Rollin, Bernard E. Science and Ethics. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006. Print. |
Book by two authors |
Sherman, Chris, and Gary Price. The Invisible Web: Uncovering Information Sources Search Engines Can’t See. Medford, NJ: CyberAge Books, 2001. Print. |
Book by three or more authors |
Goodpaster, Kenneth E., Laura L. Nash, and Henri-Claude de Bettignies. Business Ethics: Policies and Persons. 3rd ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2006. Print. |
Book by a corporate author |
American Medical Association. American Medical Association Family Medical Guide. 4th ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2004. Print. |
Article or chapter within an edited book |
Winne, Philip H. “Self-regulated Learning Viewed from Models of Information Processing.” Self-regulated Learning and Academic Achievement. Eds. Barry J. Zimmerman and Dale H. Schunk.Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2001. Print. |
Translation |
Tolstoy, Leo. War and Peace. Trans. Anthony Briggs. New York: Viking, 2006. Print. |
Articles from Print Periodicals (magazines, journals, and newspapers)
Important Elements:
- Author (last name, first name)
- Title of article (in quotation marks)
- Title of publication in italics (i.e., Journal of Abnormal Psychology, Newsweek, New York Times)
- Volume and issue number (for journals only)
- Date of publication of article (month and year for monthly publications, exact date for weekly and daily)
- Page numbers of article
- Medium of publication (Print)
Note: Citations with more than one line of text should be double-spaced and have a hanging indent of 1/2 inch or 5 spaces.
Source | Example Citation |
---|---|
Article in a monthly magazine |
Swedin, Eric G. “Designing Babies: A Eugenics Race with China?”The Futurist May/June 2006: 18-21. Print. |
Article in a weekly magazine |
Will, George F. “Waging War on Wal-Mart.” Newsweek 5 July 2004: 64. Print. |
Article in a daily newspaper |
Dougherty, Ryan. “Jury Convicts Man in Drunk Driving Death.”Centre Daily Times 11 Jan. 2006: 1A. Print.
Rimer, Sara. “A Campus Fad That’s Being Copied: Internet Plagiarism Seems on the Rise.” New York Times 3 Sept. 2003, late ed.: B7. Print. |
Article in a scholarly journal |
Stock, Carol D. and Philip A. Fisher. “Language Delays Among Foster Children: Implications for Policy and Practice.” Child Welfare 85.3 (2006): 445-462. Print. |
Book review |
Rifkind, Donna. “Breaking Their Vows.” Rev. of The Mermaid Chair by Sue Monk Kidd. Washington Post 10 Apr. 2005, final ed.: T6. Print. |
Articles from the Library’s Online Databases
(articles from print publications accessible electronically through the library’s subscription databases)
Important Elements
- publication information (see Periodicals, above)
- name of database in italics (if known)
- Medium of publication (Web)
- date you accessed the article
Note: Citations with more than one line of text should be double-spaced and have a hanging indent of 1/2 inch or 5 spaces.
Source | Citation |
---|---|
Magazine article from an online database: ProQuest |
Poe, Marshall. “The Hive.” Atlantic Monthly Sept. 2006: 86-95.ProQuest. Web. 27 Nov. 2008. |
Newspaper article from an online database: LexisNexis |
Barnes, Tom. “Booze Binge Fad Alarming Colleges.” Pittsburgh Post-Gazette 16 Apr. 2005: A1. LexisNexis Academic. Web. 27 Nov. 2008. |
Journal article from an online database: |
Cross, Tracy L. “Nerds and Geeks: Society’s Evolving Stereotypes of Our Students with Gifts and Talents.” Gifted Child Today 28.4 (2005): 26-27. Professional Development Collection. Web. 8 Dec. 2008. |
Articles in Online Journals, Magazines and Newspapers
(articles from online publications accessible free on the Web, not from the library’s databases)
Important Elements
- Author (last name, first name)
- Title of article (in quotation marks)
- Title of publication (in italics)
- Volume and issue number (for scholarly journals, if given)
- Date of publication of article
- Page numbers (if no page numbers are given, use n. pag. for no pagination)
- Medium of publication (Web)
- Date you accessed the article
Note: MLA style recommends including the URLs for websites only if the source cannot be readily located without the URL. If you wish to include the URL, put it in angle brackets after the date of access. Break URLS only after slashes. Example:
Source | Example Citation |
---|---|
Article in an online scholarly journal |
Sankey, Michael. “Considering Visual Literacy When Designing Instruction.” e-Journal of Instruction Service and Technology 5.2 (2002): 1-14. Web. 5 Feb. 2009. |
Article in an online magazine |
Ervin, Kathleen A. “Some Kind of Wonderful: Frank Capra Examines Failure.” Failure Magazine. Mar. 2001. n. pag. Web. 5 Feb. 2009. |
Web Sites
Important Elements
- Author (if known)
- Title of Web site (in italics)
- Publisher or sponsor
- Date of publication (if no date given use n.d. for no date)
- Medium of Publication (Web)
- Date you accessed the information
Note: MLA style recommends including the URLs for websites only if the source cannot be readily located without the URL. If you wish to include the URL, put it in angle brackets after the date of access. Break URLS only after slashes. Example:
Source | Example Citation |
---|---|
Web site with author |
Kraizer, Sherryll. Safe Child. Coalition for Children, Inc. 2008. Web. 5 Feb. 2009. |
Web site with unknown author |
The Nittany Lion Mascot. Penn State University. 2006. Web. 5 Feb. 2009. |
YouTube Video | Penn State University. "This Is Penn State, This Is Your Career." YouTube. Web. 21 Sep. 2012. |
Important Elements:
- Author
- Title of entry (in quotation marks)
- Title of reference work (in italics)
- Publication date
- Name of database (in italics)
- Medium
- Date of access
Note: Citations with more than one line of text should be double-spaced and have a hanging indent of 1/2 inch or 5 spaces.
Source | Example Citation |
---|---|
Entry from Gale Virtual Reference Library |
Rey, Georges. "Behaviorism.” Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2006. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 11 Nov. 2010. |
Film/Video/DVD
Important Elements
- Title (in italics)
- Director
- Lead actors
- Distributor
- Date of release
- Medium (i.e., DVD)
Note: Citations with more than one line of text should be double-spaced and have a hanging indent of 1/2 inch or 5 spaces.
Source | Example Citation |
---|---|
Film |
Hidalgo. Dir. Joe Johnston. Perf. Viggo Mortensen, Zuleikha Robinson, Omar Sharif, and Louise Lombard. Touchstone/Disney, 2004. Film. |
DVD |
Ballroom Dancing. Dir. Steve Kemsley. Perf. Angela Rippon and Ian Waite. American Home Treasures, 2006. DVD. |
Television/Radio Program
- Important Elements
- Title of television episode or radio segment
- Title of program (in italics)
- Names of writer, director, performers and/or host (if known)
- Network
- Local station and location
- Date of broadcast
- Medium (i.e., Radio)
Note: Citations with more than one line of text should be double-spaced and have a hanging indent of 1/2 inch or 5 spaces.
Source | Example Citation |
---|---|
Television Program |
“Dogs and More Dogs.” NOVA. Dir. Noel Buckner and Rob Whittlesey. PBS. WPSU, State College, PA. 30 Nov. 2006. Television. |
Radio Program |
“Could Shakespeare Survive in Hollywood?” All Things Considered. By Elizabeth Blair. NPR.WPSU-FM, State College, PA. 20 Nov. 2006. Radio. |
Government Publications
Important Elements
- Government (i.e., United States)
- Government Agency
- Title of document (in italics)
- Place of publication (for print documents)
- Publisher (government agency)
- Date of publication
- Medium of publication (i.e., Print)
- Date of access (for online documents)
Note: Citations with more than one line of text should be double-spaced and have a hanging indent of 1/2 inch or 5 spaces.
Source | Example Citation |
---|---|
Print document |
United States. Dept. of Housing and Urban Development. Breaking the Cycle of Domestic Violence: Know the Facts. Washington: U.S. Dept. of Housing and Urban Development, 2000. Print. |
Online document |
United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Acid Rain. 4 Apr. 2008. Web. 5 Feb. 2009. |
Personal Interview
Important Elements
- Name of person interviewed
- Type of interview (personal, email, telephone)
- Date of interview
Note: Citations with more than one line of text should be double-spaced and have a hanging indent of 1/2 inch or 5 spaces.
Source | Example Citation |
---|---|
Interview |
Smith, John. Personal interview. 31 Aug. 2007 . |